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Richard Swineshead’s short treatises (opuscula) on motion provide us with a direct insight into the successive stages in the fourteenth-century Oxford speculative, mathematical science of local motion not only token generally, but also with respect to the progress of this thinker’s scientific awareness and knowledge. Even though the dependence of these opuscula on his predecessors’ – William Heytesbury and Thomas Bradwardine – texts is obvious at first sight, still Richard Swineshead interpreted and developed ingeniously the ideas put forth by the above-mentioned thinkers. Both short treatises on motion ascribed to Richard Swineshead can be justifiably seen as successive „steps” leading towards the treatise On local motion he included in his monumental Liber colculationum.
What is more, the actual texts of these opuscula in the form preserved in the manuscript copies should be recognized as reports (reportata) or students’ notes from Richard Swineshead’s lectures, rather than purposely and systematically written treatises. Consequently, these texts give us also on insight into the University discussions on natural philosophy in fourteenth-century Oxford. Therefore, the critical edition of Richard Swineshead’s opuscula on local motion included in this tome, based on all known preserved manuscript copies of these texts, provides the reader with o historically interesting and important piece of evidence of later medieval intellectual life.
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Table of Contents
Introduction 7
Chapter 1. The development of the Oxford Calculators’ science of local motion 15
1.1. Sources of inspiration for fourteenth-century mathematical natural science 15
1.2. “Mathematical rules” of local motion in Aristotle’s physics 16
1.3. William of Ockham’s influence on the fourteenth-century mathematical science of local motion 22
1.4. The beginnings of Oxford Calculators’ mathematical science of local motion 25
1.5. William Heytesbury’s contribution to the Oxford Calculators’ science of local motion 37
Chapter 2. Short treatises on local motion ascribed to Richard Swineshead 45
2.1. Opusculum de motu 48
a. Part I: motus tamquam penes causam 48
b. Part II: motus tamquam penes effectum 65
2.2. Opusculum de motu locali 74
a. Part I: motus tamquam penes causam 74
b. Part II: motus tamquam penes effectum 86
2.3. Conclusions 94
Chapter 3. The development of “the science of local motion” in Richard Swineshead’s extant works 99
Bibliography 103
The critical edition of the short treatises on motion (Opuscula de motu) ascribed to Richard Swineshead 113
Introductory notes on the edition of the short treatises in motion ascribed to Richard Swineshead 115
a. Manuscripts copies 115
b. Relationships between the manuscript copies and editorial principles 124
The short treatise “On local motion” (Opusculum de motu locali) 124
The short treatise “On motion” (Opusculum de motu) 128
c. Presentation of the texts 133
Richardus Swineshead. Opuscula de motu 135
Index of names 191
Summary 195
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